Large cancer centers have adopted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in the clinic for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions. Dr. Catherine Smith, from UCSF, discusses the issues faced with targeted panels in the clinic and the differences between amplicon and hybridization methods. While Dr. Alexander Perl, from the University of Pennsylvania, discusses the findings in their collaborative CHRYSALIS study of the FLT3 inhibitor Gilteritinib in relapsed/refractory AML where they used quantifiable single-cell DNA analysis to enable dynamic therapy selection.