Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been the gold standard to determine if a patient is in remission but laboratories are transitioning into RT-PCR for fusions and flow cytometry for greater depth of response. However, clinicians are now moving away from algorithms to understand clonal architecture and mutation acquisition. Dr. Viny applies single-cell DNA techniques to examine clonal hematopoiesis and minimal residual disease for a better understanding as to why some mutations are chemo- sensitive and others resistant to therapy.